Heterosis and combining ability for yield and quality. In egypt, wheat is the main cereal crop used as a stable food for. Hybrid performance and heterosis in spring bread wheat, and their relations to ssrbased genetic distances and coefficients of parentage. Gibberellins and heterosis of plant height in wheat. Estimation of heterosis in wheat triticum aestivum l. Heterosis, genetic effects and value of f2s and doubled. Heterosis has been increasingly applied in crop production for nearly a century, with the aim of developing more vigorous, higher yielding and better performing cultivars.
In this perspective, we consider that it might be useful to the field to abandon these. Progress toward understanding heterosis in crop plants. It is observed by many researchers that positive heterosis is important in some plant traits like grain. Heterosis studies for yield and its components in bread wheat over. Plants free fulltext gibberellins and heterosis in crops. Genentic basis of heterosis general statements and explanations of some basic genetic principles. Pdf combining ability and heterosis analysis for yield. The breeding material was comprised of four parents. Heterosis is a major yield factor in all breeding categories except line breeding schnell, 1982. Although heterosis, or hybrid vigor, is widely exploited in agriculture, a complete description of its molecular underpinnings has remained elusive despite extensive investigation. Rahul singh rajput and vs kandalkar the present investigation was undertaken to study the combining ability and heterosis for grain yield and its components in f 1 generation of wheat through line x tester analysis. Graduate thesis or dissertation estimates of heterosis for. Introduction durum wheat or macaroni wheat is the only tetraploid species of wheat of commercial importance that is widely cultivated today and in turkey.
Heterosis and hybrid seed production in agronomic crops. The analysis of variance showed there is highly significant variation between the genotypes for all the traits considered. Wheat grain yield can be boosted by exploiting heterosis, the superior performance of hybrids compared with midparents. Combining ability and heterosis analysis for yield traits in bread wheat triticum aestivum. Heterosis is prevalent for multiple traits in diverse maize germplasm sherry a. Heterosis in internode elongation and plant height are commonly observed in hybrid plants, and higher gas contents were found to be correlated with the heterosis in plant height. The individual comparisons of means table 3 revealed that the parent pothowar73 had the highest value for gyp while lasani08 has the lowest mean value under normal conditions. Heterosis or hybrid vigor is a natural phenomenon whereby hybrid offspring of genetically diverse individuals display improved physical and functional characteristics relative to their parents. However, since wheat has evolved as a selfpollinated species, it is equally important that these populations and. Individual mean performance of parents and crosses for grain yield. Gibberellins and heterosis of plant height in wheat l.
For example, in rice hybrids srnas showed more downregulated than upregulated. Heterosis for yield and its components in bread wheat crosses. One f1 common wheat hybrid zlatna dolina x primepi which had exhibited significant heterosis in a previous study was compared with 32 f7 lines selected from the same cross. In this study we measured 25 traits in a set of 47 maize hybrids and their inbred parents grown in 16 different environments with varying levels of average productivity.
Combining ability analysis for grain yield and yield component traits in maize were carried out in 8. Conclusion there was considerable genetic potential for improving the grain iron content in the germplasm to provide an economical and long. The genetics and exploitation of heterosis in crops. In a self pollinated crop like wheat, the utilization of heterosis depends mainly upon the direction and magnitude of heterosis. Heterosis and combing ability in f1 population of hexaploid.
Aug 23, 2019 the results indicated that in general heterosis and heterobeltiosis occurred on plant height, date of flowering, date of fruit set, fruit length, and number of fruits per plant on 4 population of f1 resulted from crossing of 2 x 14, 14 x 30, 17 x 14, and 30 x journal of agricultural science, 4 11 teknik pemuliaan tanaman plant breeding techniques. Instead, it is likely that heterosis arises in crosses between genetically distinct individuals as a result of a diversity of mechanisms. The environment can influence heterosis, the phenomena in which the offspring of two inbred parents exhibits phenotypic performance beyond the inbred parents for specific traits. Fahad ali kalhoro 1, asghar ali rajpar 1, shahmir ali kalhoro 2, amanullah mahar 3,4, amjad ali 4, sohail ahmed otho 5, rab nawaz soomro 6, fayaz ali 4, zulfiqar ali baloch 7. The latter was estimated in comparison to commercial varieties. Gw 373 was most important and results are presented in table 6. Plant height dwarfness is desirable trait for wheat crop hence negative heterosis is favourable to. This is the increase in size or vigour of a hybrid over the average of its parents, which is referred to as the midparent value.
Parental expression variation of small rnas is negatively. Hybrid performance and heterosis in spring bread wheat, and their. All genotypes were tested for gy in multiple field trials and adjusted heterosis values were calculated for the hybrids schrag et al. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 1. Those breeders working on hybrid wheat may wish to look at winter x spring crosses as a means of maximizing heterosis. Heterosis and combining ability analysis in bread wheat triticum aestivum l. However, the molecular basis for the increased internode elongation in hybrids is unknown. These observations provide strong support for the model that trueoverdominant genes exist and can drive yield heterosis. The present studies, therefore intended to exploit the magnitude of heterosis for yield and physiological traits. Heterosis is a common phenomenon in maize, rice and other species 6.
The present investigation was carriedout to generate information on heterosis and combining ability and nature of gene action involved in the inheritance of grain yield and its components charactersviz. Click download or read online button to get manual for hybrid rice seed production book now. In wheat freeman 14 first time described heterosis when he found taller f 1 than its tall parents. The data support the general conclusion that the amount of heterosis is a function of genetic diversity between the two parents. The archaeological record suggests that wheat was first cultivated in the regions of the fertile crescent around 9600 bce. Heterosis and combining ability for grain yield and its contributing traits in bread wheat triticum aestivum l.
They reported that the crosses showing the best mid and better. The present investigation was carried out to generate information on heterosis, combining ability and gene action for yield and its components in bread wheat triticum aestivum l. More branches per panicle and more grains per branch. Study of heterosis for grain yield and its components in wheat. Despite its importance in maize production, we know surprisingly little about the genetic basis of heterosis. Heterosis studies in bread wheat triticum aestivum l.
Heterosis is observed in almost every crop species studied, the application of this phenomenon for its commercial exploitation depends on the expression of the degree of heterosis. Eu eureka eu eureka project is underway entiled research and development programme on hybrid wheat eu749 with the aim of developing the. The many species of wheat together make up the genus triticum. Heterosis studies in 10 f wheat hybrids involving seven genotypes viz, as 2000, pasban90, sh2002, aqab2000, chenab2000, inqbal91 and rohtas90 were carried out in the experimental area of the. Heterosis is due to masking of deleterious recessive alleles by dominant alleles 4. This landmark book deals with heterosis and hybrid seed production of major agronomic crops such as wheat, rice, maize, sorghum, cotton, sunflower, and rapeseed. Heterosis, genetic effects and value of f2s and doubledhaploid lines in barley breeding leila hanifimekliche, andre gallais to cite this version. Heterosis and combining ability for major yield traits of a. Analysis of variance revealed the presence of significant variance due to gca among the parent for all the traits, studied. Maize is a model system for studying heterosis due to the high levels of yield heterosis and commercial use of hybrids. Various models have been posited to explain heterosis, including dominance. Potentialities of heterosis breeding in wheat springerlink. Heterosis and combining ability for grain yield and yield.
Heterosis is directly proportional to the number of dominant genes contributed by each parent 18. The nature and magnitude of heterosis was computed as per cent increase or decrease of the mean values of f 1 over mid parent, better parent bp and standard variety sv. Differential expression patterns of small rnas were observed in rice, wheat and tomato hybrids recently 17. Methods the inbred lines from an association mapping panel were crossed to a common inbred line, b73, to generate nearly 300 hybrid genotypes. Durum wheat, heterosis, heterobeltiosis, correlation, path analysis. The study of combining ability and heterosis effect in hexaploid wheat group was carried out using crosses between thirteen inbred lines of common wheat 6 lines x 7 testers and interspecies crosses t. Heterosis was evaluated for seventeen phenotypic traits in multiple environments. A quantitative genetic framework highlights the role of. Edwards heterosis is the foundation of modern maize breeding programs. Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Ismail agronomy department, faculty of agriculture, fayoum university, 63514fayoum, egypt corresponding author abstract introduction wheat triticum aestivum l. Heterosis, genetic effects and value of f2s and doubledhaploid lines in barley breeding. Heterosis manifestation also indicated some transgressive segregates with high specific combining ability effects.
Heterosis freeman in 1919 was the first reported heterosis in wheat. Heterosis is a phenomenon in which a progeny of distinct individuals exhibitshigherlower values for the traits than the average of any of the original parent used for the development of the. Pdf hybrid performance and heterosis in spring bread. Various models have been posited to explain heterosis, including dominance, overdominance, and pseudooverdominance. Genotypebyenvironment interactions affecting heterosis. Springer3 1usdaars, plant genetics research unit, and division of plant sciences, university of missouri, columbia, missouri, united states of america, 2usdaars, u. Heterosis in wheat under contrasting water regimes. Study of heterosis for grain yield and its components. If true, it should not be possible to obtain an inbred that performs equally as well as the best hybrid bernardo 2002 breeding for quantitative traits in plants pp 243246. Heterosis is prevalent for multiple traits in diverse. Studies conducted at the international rice research institute irri during 1980 and 1981 have shown up to 73% heterosis, 59% heterobeltiosis and 34% standard heterosis for yield in rice. The heterosis, heterobeltiosis, general combining ability gca and specific combining ability sca were examined during rabi crop season of 202014 in hexaploid wheat genotypes. Heterosis and combining ability analysis for yield and its components in bread wheat triticum aestivum l.
Plant height dwarfness is desirable trait for wheat crop hence negative heterosis is favourable to avoid lodging thus producing stable yield. Heterosis and combining ability analysis were studied in a 7 x 7 diallel set of bread wheat. Jun 28, 2019 yield and leaf area showed highly significant heterosis in f1 hybrids ranging from to % and harayana agricultural university journal of. Full text full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Department of plant breeding and genetics, rajasthan agricultural university, s. To systematically exploit heterosis in hybrid breeding, the concept of heterotic groups and patterns was suggested. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. The aim of heterosis is to exploit increased vigour in selfpollinated crops like wheat in order to getting increased yield. It appears that there is not a single, simple explanation for heterosis. Heterosis or hybrid vigour is a phenomenon in which hybrid progeny exhibit superior yield and biomass to parental lines and has been used to breed f1 hybrid cultivars in many crops. Although some crosses exhibited heterosis none yielded significantly.
Jun 29, 2007 heterosis in internode elongation and plant height are commonly observed in hybrid plants, and higher gas contents were found to be correlated with the heterosis in plant height. Heterosis and inbreeding depression for grain yield and. Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain which is a worldwide staple food. The crosses and parents were evaluated for days to heading, days to maturity, plant height cm, effective tillers per plant, spike length cm, grains per spike, grain weight g, grain weight per spike g and grain yield per plant g. The development and improvement of heterotic breeding populations is important in hybrid wheat breeding. After maize hybrid was first utilized in field on a large scale in usa in 1930s, heterosis of other crops such as rice, sorghum, rape, and vegetable etc began to be widely used in production, and had made great achievements in crop breeding by the end of last century, mainly contributed to notable increasing of crop yield. Estimation of heterosis and heterobeltiosis in wheat. Pdf estimation of heterosis in wheat triticum aestivum l. Adams 1967 mentioned a compensate mechanism for crop plants, the.
The crossing of unrelated individuals often results in offspring with increased vigor. Commercial utilization of heterosis was suggested by briggle 15. Teixeira da silva2 ejaz ashraf1 1 university college of agriculture, university of sargodha, pakistan 2 faculty of agriculture and graduate school of agriculture, kagawa university. Production of hybrid wheat seed relies on male sterility, the blocking of. Pdf heterosis and combining ability analysis in bread. Whereas continued inbreeding of outbreeding species leads to loss of vigour, f1 hybrids produced from inbred lines exhibit heterosis or hybrid vigour.
An effort has been made in the present paper to critically assess the level of success and future strategies in the development and adoption of hybrid technology in selected field crops under three categories. Estimation of heterosis, correlation and path analysis for. The heterosis of the number of spikes per plant in the f 1 and f 2 generations can be a useful approach for the indirect selection of wheat plants with an improved grain weight and grain yield per. Heterosis for some physiomorphological plant traits in. Heterosis and combining ability analysis for yield and its.
This is called heterosis or hybrid vigor, and the genetic background for it is not known with certainty. Links to pubmed are also available for selected references. Gibberellins and heterosis of plant height in wheat triticum. Though the f1 progeny is highly diverse to be considered for this type of a study there is scientific value of the data presented. Free fulltext pdf articles from hundreds of disciplines, all in one place gibberellins and heterosis of plant height in wheat triticum aestivum l. Heterosis in wheat was first reported in 1919 by freeman. In this study, heterosis in plant height was determined in two wheat hybrids, and it was found that the increased elongation. Heterosis and combining ability for grain yield and its.
On the basis of divergence, ten accessions were selected and crossed in a diallel fashion without reciprocals to study the combining ability and heterosis. Ir36 and ir42 yield 45 tha in wet season trials and 78 tha in dry season trials. The study in general determined the heterosis and combining ability for yield and quality characteristics of chinese corn hybrids. Heterosis and combining ability for major yield traits of a new. Combining ability and heterosis for grain yield and its attributing traits in bread wheat triticum aestivum l. Manual for hybrid rice seed production download ebook pdf. Genetic analysis of inbred and hybrid grain yield under stress and nonstress environments in tropical maize. Superiority of dominant alleles over recessive alleles 3. Here we present a tailored quantitative genetic framework to study the genetic basis of midparent heterosis in hybrid populations derived.
Identification of heterosis and nature of gene action in. Twelve diverse pakistani wheat genotypes were crossed to obtain a series of crosses to. Exploitation of heterosis is considered to be one of the outstanding achievements of wheat breeding. Pdf estimation of heterosis in wheat triticum aestivum. Heterosis is prevalent for multiple traits in diverse maize. Durum wheat is an important crop for making pasta, bulgur. The result showed that seed of advanced generations cannot be used for commercial. Heterosis and combing ability in f 1 population of hexaploid wheat triticum aestivum l. K 9107, k parent for the expression of early flowering, more significant economic heterosis and average 9162. Heterosis and inbreeding depression for each trait was worked out by utilizing the overall mean of each hybrid over replications for each trait. Exploitation of heterosis is considered to be one of the outstanding achievements of plant breeding. Heterosis refers to the phenomenon that progeny of diverse varieties of a species or crosses between species exhibit greater biomass, speed of development, and fertility than both parents.
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